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Besides_Vancouver2018 is a linux VM , that has several vulnerabilities, written by abatchy. You can find it at Vulnhub. Boot2root challenges aim to create a safe environment where you can perform real-world penetration testing on an (intentionally) vulnerable target. Discovery First we do host discovery scan at our network. We can see ther...

Hard Disks : Physically , there are four common types of hard disks ; SSD , SATA , PATA and SCSI. Any logical disk can be Basic or Dynamic . Basic Disk : Commonly used in hosting Operating System files. It consists of number of partitions with two styles ; MBR or GPT . MBR style can be primary or extended partition , but with limitation of ...

Boot process is responsible for firing the Operating System from powering on until loading the mandatory processes to pass control to the user. 1- BIOS : (Basic Input Output System) is a firmware stored in non-volatile chip on motherboard. It has two jobs ; Checking and configuring the attached hardware relying on a process called POST — pow...

Mostly any operating system consists of three layers , starting from the nearest to the resources — the kernel . Then, shell and the higher layer — End User Applications. The first intention to build an operating system was 1964 by MIT, Bell Labs and General Electric corporation.It was called multics. There were some issues in the latter , so B...